Microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis

Jan 31, 2024, 14:50:07

Table of Contents

What makes these types of filtration different?

The main difference lies in the pore size of the membrane:
Microfiltration > 0.1 µm
Ultrafiltration from 0.1 - 0.01 µm
Nanofiltration from 0.01 - 0.001 µm
Reverse osmosis of < 0.001 µm

Different membrane structures and filter materials are also used.

Reverse osmosis system for water drinking plants.

What do these procedures have in common?

They are both membrane separation processes that are purely physical (mechanical). The pressure (differential pressure) between the inlet and outlet of the filter surface is used. All particles in the liquid that are larger than the membrane pores are retained by the membrane.

What are the areas of application of the respective filtrations?

Microfiltration is used for pre-filtration or for filtration of beverages and oil.

Ultrafiltration, among other things, in municipal drinking water treatment. The big advantage here is the freedom from germs.

Nanofiltration is used, for example, to purify acids and alkalis or to desalinate solutions.

Reverse osmosis, for example, for water treatment, seawater desalination and wastewater treatment.

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Product: REOS Compact reverse osmosis system

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The REOS Compact reverse osmosis system is primarily designed for the treatment of relatively clean, pre-filtered drinking water. While it is excellent at removing impurities, pollutants and microorganisms from water to produce pure drinking water, its suitability for producing drinking water directly from a body of water such as a river depends on various factors.

For the direct treatment of river water into drinking water, preparatory steps are usually necessary to remove coarse impurities and particles before the water is passed through a reverse osmosis system. This includes pre-filtration to remove sediment, suspended solids and possible larger organic materials that could damage or clog the reverse osmosis system membranes.

Furthermore, the process of reverse osmosis can also lead to a reduced pH value, making the water slightly acidic. This is because reverse osmosis systems not only remove impurities, but also minerals that give the water flavor and contribute to pH balance. In some cases, it is therefore necessary to post-treat the osmosis-treated water to increase the pH and add minerals back in so that it meets drinking water standards and preferences.